Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia Menguntungkan Siapa? Menelaah Distribusi Keringanan Pidana dalam Penghapusan Ancaman Minimum Khusus
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Abstract
Penghapusan ancaman pidana minimum khusus melalui Pasal I Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 mengubah batas pemidanaan dalam sejumlah undang-undang di luar KUHP. Penelitian ini membahas pengaturan perubahan tersebut dan manfaat hukumnya bagi terdakwa dengan tetap memperhatikan kepentingan korban dan masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Perubahan ancaman penjara dalam Pasal 98 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 digunakan sebagai contoh pembahasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memperoleh kewenangan lebih luas untuk menentukan lamanya pidana, sementara terdakwa memiliki kemungkinan dijatuhi pidana di bawah batas minimum yang dahulu berlaku. Kesempatan tersebut bukan hak untuk selalu memperoleh hukuman lebih ringan. Kepentingan korban tetap harus dipertimbangkan melalui akibat tindak pidana dan pedoman pemidanaan dalam KUHP. Dengan demikian, perubahan ancaman pidana belum dapat disamakan dengan perubahan hasil putusan pengadilan.
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