Integritas Pasar Karbon sebagai Kewajiban Hukum Negara: Rekonstruksi Standar Climate Due Diligence dalam Pembaruan Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia
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Abstract
Integritas pasar karbon bergantung pada kebenaran hasil pengurangan emisi yang menjadi dasar penerbitan unit karbon. Pemerintah mempunyai kewajiban mengatur dan mengawasi proses tersebut, tetapi kewajiban itu tidak berarti negara menjamin keberhasilan setiap proyek. Penelitian ini membahas pengaturan kewajiban negara dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 110 Tahun 2025 beserta peraturan pelaksana tahun 2026. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemerintah telah mengatur verifikasi, pencatatan, pencegahan penghitungan ganda, perubahan status unit, dan sanksi administratif. Persoalan yang masih perlu diperjelas ialah ukuran pemeriksaan ketika informasi baru meragukan dasar penerbitan unit serta alasan hukum dalam menentukan tindakan lanjutan. Prinsip climate due diligence digunakan untuk menilai apakah pemerintah telah mengambil langkah pengawasan yang patut sesuai risiko dan kewenangannya. Pembaruan hukum diarahkan pada penjelasan alasan pemeriksaan, tata cara penanganan temuan, dan perlindungan hak pihak yang terdampak oleh keputusan administratif.
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