Universal Guarantees for Sexual Minorities’ Rights: The Sovereign Non-Recognition Questions in Nigeria, Kenya and Malawi
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Abstract
This article critically examines the rights of persons of non-heterosexual orientation and gender personality in Nigeria, Kenya and Malawi given the abundance of universal guarantees. The choice of the three countries follows a consideration of their leadership roles in Africa as well as their shared common law background. Evaluating the laws of the countries impacting same-sex and associated erotic relationships, the article glides through the statutory framework for the protection of persons inclined to non-heterosexuality, referred to in this article as sexual minorities. Engaging the doctrinal research methodology, it discusses the trajectory of the idea of individual liberties which have bequeathed the platform for aggrieved persons to demand redress for the infringement of such freedoms like the rights to dignity of the human person, equality, non-discrimination, freedom of expression and prohibition of violence on persons as a result of their sexual dispositions. The article highlights the progress and milestones recorded in human rights contestations in the area of sexual orientation on the municipal and transnational fronts as well as the organised protestations against enjoyment of sexual minorities’ rights by way of pro-heterosexual laws in sovereign African countries under focus. This paper contributes to the global push for recognition of sexual minorities’ rights as fundamental rights stressing the need for the focus countries to join the trend. The conclusion recommends total abolition of anti-sodomy laws and consequential amendments to the constitutions to align with customary international norm.
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