Pencurian dan Perdagangan Ilegal Bahan Nuklir: Harmonisasi Rezim Keamanan Nuklir Internasional dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Ketenaganukliran Indonesia
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Abstract
Pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal bahan nuklir untuk penggunaan jahat dan terorisme nuklir merupakan perhatian prioritas tinggi untuk keamanan nuklir di dalam negeri dan internasional. Penelitian ini mengkaji pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal bahan nuklir dalam kaitannya dengan rezim hukum internasional keamanan nuklir dan pengaturannya di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah penelitian dogmatis (normatif) dengan mengintegrasikan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) serta pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya penanganan dan pencegahan pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal bahan nuklir dalam rezim keamanan nuklir internasional telah diatur dalam berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal bahan nuklir dan sumber radioaktif merupakan salah satu aspek perhatian dalam keamanan nuklir bersama dengan safeguards, proteksi fisik, pengendalian ekspor dan impor, serta terorisme. Pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal dapat muncul ketika langkah-langkah perlindungan fisik dalam keamanan nuklir telah gagal diterapkan. Keamanan nuklir merupakan salah satu dari 4 (empat) pilar hukum nuklir yaitu keselamatan, keamanan, safeguard, dan pertanggungjawaban. Di sisi yang lain, Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketenaganukliran merupakan dasar hukum ketenaganukliran di negara Indonesia, akan tetapi pengaturan keamanan nuklir sebagai upaya pencegahan pencurian dan perdagangan ilegal bahan nuklir belum diatur secara komphrensif sehingga perlu dilakukan pembaharuan terhadap rezim hukum ketenaganukliran di Indonesia.
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