Ambiguitas Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Anak dalam Kejahatan Digital: Integrasi Konsep Victim-Offender Overlap dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia
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Abstract
Anak yang melakukan tindak pidana melalui sarana digital dapat berada di bawah ancaman atau eksploitasi pihak lain. Keadaan ini mempersulit penentuan kesalahan apabila bukti elektronik memperlihatkan keterlibatan anak, tetapi belum menjelaskan alasan di balik tindakannya. Penelitian ini membahas pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana anak di Indonesia dan penggunaan konsep victim-offender overlap untuk menilai hubungan pengalaman sebagai korban dengan perbuatan yang didakwakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa UU SPPA, KUHP Nasional, dan UU TPPO menyediakan dasar hukum dengan syarat penerapan yang berbeda. Pasal 42 KUHP mengatur daya paksa sebagai alasan pemaaf, sedangkan Pasal 18 UU TPPO berlaku bagi korban yang melakukan tindak pidana karena dipaksa pelaku perdagangan orang. Persoalannya terletak pada cara menghubungkan keterangan tentang ancaman dengan bukti perbuatan anak. Pembaruan diarahkan pada pemeriksaan hubungan tersebut sejak penyidikan dan pemberian alasan hukum yang jelas dalam putusan, tanpa menjadikan status korban sebagai alasan otomatis untuk tidak memidana anak.
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