Monarki Absolut dan Demokrasi: Apakah Sistem Pemerintahan Menentukan Keberhasilan Ekonomi? Studi Komparatif Arab Saudi dan Indonesia
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Perdebatan tentang apakah sistem pemerintahan menentukan keberhasilan ekonomi belum menghasilkan jawaban yang tunggal. Penelitian ini membandingkan monarki absolut Arab Saudi dan demokrasi Indonesia untuk menilai sejauh mana sistem pemerintahan menentukan keberhasilan ekonomi. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi komparatif, pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi, serta analisis deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan rasional sebagai kerangka pembahasan utama. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa monarki absolut Arab Saudi memungkinkan keputusan ekonomi yang terpusat dan cepat serta ditopang rente minyak, tetapi menyisakan kerentanan berupa ketergantungan pada komoditas tunggal dan lemahnya akuntabilitas. Demokrasi Indonesia memberi legitimasi politik dan stabilitas makroekonomi yang relatif terjaga, tetapi kebijakan ekonominya kerap terhambat biaya kompromi politik, korupsi, dan kuatnya kepentingan oligarkis. Dengan demikian, sistem pemerintahan bukan penentu tunggal keberhasilan ekonomi: ia membentuk insentif dan cara ekonomi dikelola, sedangkan kualitas institusi, insentif elite, dan karakter sumber daya alam turut berperan. Penelitian ini mengisi celah literatur dengan menyatukan kajian demokrasi dan ekonomi di Indonesia, kajian monarki Arab Saudi, dan logika pilihan rasional dalam satu perbandingan.
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