Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Rantai Makanan
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Abstract
Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan keterampilan penting dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA), khususnya pada materi rantai makanan yang menuntut siswa menganalisis hubungan antar makhluk hidup dalam suatu ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi rantai makanan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode pre-eksperimental dan desain One-Group Pretest–Posttest. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 35 siswa dalam satu kelas. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran NHT, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, paired-samples t-test, dan N-gain. Hasil uji paired-samples t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor pretest dan posttest, dengan nilai t = −11,466, df = 34, dan p < 0,001. Rata-rata N-gain sebesar 0,3745 atau 37,45%, yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa meningkat setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model NHT, karena siswa terlibat aktif dalam berdiskusi, bertukar pendapat, dan bertanggung jawab atas jawaban kelompok. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini hanya melibatkan satu kelompok tanpa kelas kontrol, sehingga hasilnya perlu ditafsirkan dengan mempertimbangkan keterbatasan desain penelitian.
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