Melampaui Keberhasilan Formal Diversi: Pembaruan Keadilan Restoratif Anak Berbasis Substantive Justice
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Abstract
Diversi anak di Indonesia telah diatur sebagai pengalihan perkara yang berorientasi pada pemulihan. Persoalan hukumnya bukan sekadar tercapai atau tidaknya kesepakatan, melainkan bagaimana kesepakatan dinilai layak dan bagaimana alasan ketidaklaksanaannya diperiksa. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual terhadap UU SPPA, peraturan pelaksana, serta ketentuan restoratif dalam KUHAP 2025. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa hukum positif telah mengenal penetapan, pengawasan, dan perbedaan waktu penghentian perkara menurut bentuk kesepakatan. Kebutuhan pembaruan terletak pada penjelasan standar pemeriksaan keterpahaman anak, proporsionalitas kewajiban, dan penilaian penyebab kegagalan pelaksanaan. Artikel mengusulkan penguatan alasan keputusan pada tahap sebelum penetapan dan verifikasi setelah penetapan, tanpa menambah syarat diversi maupun memperpanjang pengawasan setelah perkara sah dihentikan. Pemulihan korban dan reintegrasi anak tetap dapat dilanjutkan melalui layanan di luar kewenangan pemrosesan pidana.
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